An investigation of nurses' role in reducing cardiovascular disease mortality in University College Hospital, Ibadan
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Background of the Study
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with a growing burden in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, CVD has emerged as a major public health issue, exacerbated by high prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, and unhealthy lifestyle practices (Abiola & Ajayi, 2024). University College Hospital (UCH) in Ibadan, being one of the major tertiary healthcare facilities in Nigeria, plays a critical role in the treatment and management of CVD patients. However, despite advances in medical technology and treatment, CVD-related deaths remain high, pointing to potential gaps in the management approach, particularly in terms of patient education, prevention, and follow-up care (Fadare & Ogunlesi, 2025).
Nurses, as frontline healthcare workers, play a significant role in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. They are often responsible for patient education, monitoring vital signs, administering medications, and providing post-discharge care (Musa et al., 2023). However, the effectiveness of nurses’ contributions to reducing CVD mortality remains underexplored in many African healthcare settings. In Ibadan, the complex interplay between healthcare resources, patient compliance, cultural beliefs, and the nurses' role in patient care could provide valuable insights into how nursing interventions can effectively reduce cardiovascular disease mortality rates. This study, therefore, seeks to investigate the role of nurses in reducing CVD mortality in University College Hospital, Ibadan, with a focus on their contributions to patient care, education, and outcomes.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the advancements in medical technology and pharmacological interventions, cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death in Nigeria, particularly in Ibadan. A significant proportion of CVD-related deaths occur due to inadequate prevention measures, poor adherence to treatment protocols, and lack of effective health education. Nurses in UCH Ibadan are involved in various aspects of patient care, but the specific impact of their roles in reducing mortality rates due to cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. Additionally, the challenges nurses face, such as inadequate training, resource limitations, and patient non-compliance, may hinder their effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular disease mortality. This study aims to address these gaps by examining the role of nurses in reducing CVD mortality in UCH Ibadan.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the role of nurses in reducing cardiovascular disease mortality at University College Hospital, Ibadan.
2. To determine the effectiveness of nursing interventions in improving the survival rates of CVD patients.
3. To identify the challenges faced by nurses in reducing cardiovascular disease mortality in UCH Ibadan.
Research Questions
1. What role do nurses play in reducing cardiovascular disease mortality in University College Hospital, Ibadan?
2. How effective are nursing interventions in improving the survival rates of CVD patients at UCH Ibadan?
3. What challenges do nurses face in reducing cardiovascular disease mortality in UCH Ibadan?
Research Hypotheses
1. Nurses play a significant role in reducing cardiovascular disease mortality in University College Hospital, Ibadan.
2. Nursing interventions significantly improve the survival rates of CVD patients in University College Hospital, Ibadan.
3. Nurses face significant challenges in reducing cardiovascular disease mortality in University College Hospital, Ibadan.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on nurses working in the cardiovascular units of University College Hospital in Ibadan. It will explore their roles in patient care, prevention, education, and post-care management. The study will be limited by the availability of nurses, as well as time and resource constraints that may limit the sample size or the generalizability of findings to other hospitals.
Definitions of Terms
• Nurses: Healthcare professionals responsible for the care and management of patients in hospitals.
• Cardiovascular Disease (CVD): A group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke.
• Mortality: The incidence of death within a population or group.
• University College Hospital (UCH): A tertiary healthcare facility in Ibadan, Nigeria, known for its specialized care in various medical disciplines.
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